ACTS 11:1-3 1 Now
the apostles and brethren who were in Judea heard that the Gentiles had also
received the word of God. 2 And when Peter
came up to Jerusalem, those of the circumcision contended with him,
3 saying, “You went in to uncircumcised men
and ate with them!”
Did Peter head back to Jerusalem right after meeting
Cornelius (Acts 10)?
If he had done that, the news wouldn't have beaten him to Jerusalem. Peter
stayed with Cornelius in Caesarea
"a few days"
(Acts 10:48) as they asked him to.
Who were "those of the circumcision" (Acts 11:3)?
The Jewish Christians -
"brethren" (Acts 11:1) -
and may have even included one or more of the other
"apostles" (Acts 11:1) in Jerusalem.
How happy were they to hear "that the Gentiles had also
received the word of God" (Acts 11:1)?
They weren't: their statement,
"You went in to
uncircumcised men and ate with them!” (Acts 11:3) wasn't a questions
but an accusation to Peter, with whom they
"contended"
(Acts 11:2).
What did Acts 8:1,4 say about persecution and the spread of
the Gospel?
"...At that time a great persecution arose against the
church which was at Jerusalem; and they were all scattered throughout the
regions of Judea and Samaria, except the apostles... Therefore those who
were scattered went everywhere preaching the word."
Then why was hearing "that the Gentiles had also received
the word of God" even news to them?
"Those who were scattered went everywhere preaching the
word" (Acts 8:4) but they had gone
"preaching the
word to no one but the Jews only" (Acts 11:19 below); until now, they
had skipped over all of the Gentiles.
Why would they do that and why weren't they happy to hear that the Gentiles had also
received the word of God?
As discussed,
Jewish Christians still held to the long-held Jewish belief that Gentiles
were unclean.
ACTS 11:4-18 4 But Peter explained it
to them in order from the beginning, saying: 5
“I was in the city of Joppa praying; and in a trance I saw a vision, an
object descending like a great sheet, let down from heaven by four corners;
and it came to me. 6 When I observed it
intently and considered, I saw four-footed animals of the earth, wild
beasts, creeping things, and birds of the air. 7
And I heard a voice saying to me, ‘Rise, Peter; kill and eat.’
8 But I said, ‘Not so, Lord! For nothing
common or unclean has at any time entered my mouth.’
9 But the voice answered me again from
heaven, ‘What God has cleansed you must not call common.’
10 Now this was done three times, and all
were drawn up again into heaven. 11 At that
very moment, three men stood before the house where I was, having been sent
to me from Caesarea. 12 Then the Spirit told
me to go with them, doubting nothing. Moreover these six brethren
accompanied me, and we entered the man’s house. 13
And he told us how he had seen an angel standing in his house, who said to
him, ‘Send men to Joppa, and call for Simon whose surname is Peter,
14 who will tell you words by which you and
all your household will be saved.’ 15 And as
I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell upon them, as upon us at the
beginning. 16 Then I remembered the word of
the Lord, how He said, ‘John indeed baptized with water, but you shall be
baptized with the Holy Spirit.’ 17 If
therefore God gave them the same gift as He gave us when we believed on the
Lord Jesus Christ, who was I that I could withstand God?”
18 When they heard these things they became
silent; and they glorified God, saying, “Then God has also granted to the
Gentiles repentance to life.”
(Given the content - Peter is recounting what happened in
Acts chapter 10 -
please see that chapter for the detailed discussion of the above passage.)
Had God taken Peter to Cornelius to teach Cornelius?
Surely Peter taught Cornelius, but if teaching been the main
objective, the Lord probably would have waited until Peter had finished
teaching to fall upon them. Moreover, instead of bringing Peter all the way
from Jerusalem, He probably would
have used Philip (see Acts chapter 8) who was already living in
"Caesarea" (Acts 8:40 & 21:8) and therefore could teach him for more than just
“a few days” (Acts 10:48).
Then, had God taken Peter to Cornelius because Peter had a
role to play in affecting the Holy Spirit falling upon Cornelius' household?
Again, had that been the case, the Holy Spirit would have fallen upon then
on Peter's cue. As it happened,
"the Holy Spirit fell
upon them" (Acts 11:15) as Peter was only beginning to speak.
Then to do what had God taken Peter to Cornelius?
God took Peter to Cornelius not because He needed Peter to do something to
help him, but for Peter to watch God in action, and for what he witnessed to
overcome the prejudice in Peter's heart, as well as the hearts of the other
Jewish Christians.
What lent credibility to Peter's testimony?
It was backed by the
"six brethren" (Acts 11:12)
- Jewish Christians - who had accompanied Peter
"from
Joppa" (Acts 10:23)
to Cornelius' house.
Did God's plan work?
As always, yes. What is remarkable is that God spent days preparing with
Peter, having him lodge with someone who works with unclean, dead animals,
showing him visions, and talking to him. God let the six Jewish Christians
at least witness the Holy Spirit falling upon Cornelius' household. But God
turned the hearts of the Jewish Christians in Jerusalem so fast that they
went from "contending" with Peter for dealing with Gentiles one moment to
glorifying God for it the next. Prejudices deeply-ingrained over many
centuries had been neutralized during a single conversation about the love
of God being poured out on the lost.
What prejudices toward Christians of other social, racial
and national groups remain in your heart?
ACTS 11:19-21 19 Now those
who were scattered after the persecution that arose over Stephen traveled as
far as Phoenicia, Cyprus, and Antioch, preaching the word to no one but the
Jews only. 20 But some of them were men from
Cyprus and Cyrene, who, when they had come to Antioch, spoke to the
Hellenists, preaching the Lord Jesus. 21 And
the hand of the Lord was with them, and a great number believed and turned
to the Lord.
Where is "Phoenicia" (Acts 11:19)?
Phoenicia was the coastal province located north of Galilee. It is roughly
the modern nation of Lebanon, to the north of Israel.
Where is "Cyprus" (Acts 11:19)?
Cyprus is an island, still called, "Cyprus", off the coast of Lebanon in the
Mediterranean Sea.
Where is "Antioch" (Acts 11:19)?
Antioch was a fairly common name for a city in the ancient world, which had
over a dozen cities named Antioch, not unlike many cities with nice views
(or even without nice views) being named "Fairview" today. The Antioch
referred to above was founded in the 4th century BC by Seleucus, one of
Alexander the Great's five officers who divided his kingdom after his death.
It was named after Seleucus' father and located north of Phoenicia on the Orontes River about
15 miles inland from the Mediterranean Sea.
Why had this Antioch drawn those "preaching the Lord Jesus"
(Acts 11:20)?
There were at least a couple of reasons. For one, it had a large Jewish
population where the Jewish Christians, including those born in
"Cyprus and Cyrene" (Acts 11:20), a city in North Africa, who had
left Jerusalem could both resettle among and target fellow Jews, albeit
those who grew up in the Greek world -
"Hellenist"
(Acts 11:20) - to evangelize. For another, this particular Antioch had by
this time grown to be a
particularly wicked city. Third largest in the Roman world after only Rome
itself and Alexandria in North Africa, this port had a population of half-million, including the Syrian
(Roman) legion, and was mired in temple prostitution and other pagan
abominations related to various Roman, Greek and other idols. Christians were
invading Satan's stronghold as Jesus had commanded, and as Christians should
continue to do today.
Did the Lord's invasion work?
"And
the hand of the Lord was with them, and a great number believed and turned
to the Lord." (Acts 11:21)
ACTS 11:22-26 22 Then news of these things
came to the ears of the church in Jerusalem, and they sent out Barnabas to
go as far as Antioch. 23 When he came and
had seen the grace of God, he was glad, and encouraged them all that with
purpose of heart they should continue with the Lord.
24 For he was a good man, full of the Holy
Spirit and of faith. And a great many people were added to the Lord.
How "far" (Acts 11:22) was Antioch from Jerusalem?
About 300 miles directly north.
Why did the church in Jerusalem this time send Barnabas
instead of Peter to check up on things?
There are at least four reasons. Firstly, the cultural wall between Jews and
gentiles had already been breached, so Barnabas wasn't being sent on a
controversial mission that required apostolic leadership credibility.
Secondly, Barnabas was a Greek Jew from
"Cyprus" (Acts 4:36) and therefore would
interact easily with fellow Greek Jews, including the
"men from Cyprus" (Acts 11:20) who were
"preaching" (Acts 11:19). Thirdly, Barnabas, the
"Son of Encouragement" (Acts 4:36) will have put his gifts
to good use in having
"encouraged them" (Acts 11:23). Fourthly and most importantly, the
leaders in Jerusalem knew Barnabas
"was a good man, full
of the Holy Spirit and of faith". (Acts 11:24)
What did Barnabas see in Antioch that made him "glad" (Acts
11:23)?
Barnabas undoubtedly saw much Christian activity - Christians praying,
giving, evangelizing, holding meetings and activities, etc. - but he saw
them not as the enabler but the manifestation of the enabling
"grace of God" (Acts 11:23), which is what made him "glad".
Did Barnabas advise them to keep up their good work - their
events, activities and evangelistic outreach programs?
No, he simply told them to
"continue with the Lord"
(Acts 11:23). God was at work, and they were to remain true to the
Lord, who was manifesting Himself through them and their activities, as He
continues to do today through Christians and the activities of Christians
who remain true to Him and His Word.
To whom were the new Christians added?
"A great many people were added to the Lord."
(Acts 11:24) The enabler was "the grace of God" , the one they were to
continue with was "the Lord", and the one to whom the people were being
added was "the Lord." True Christian work is always of, by, for and to the
Lord, who can do everything without us, but takes pleasure in choosing,
cleaning, and then using us as His instruments.
ACTS 11:25-26 25 Then Barnabas departed for Tarsus to seek
Saul. 26 And when he had found him, he
brought him to Antioch. So it was that for a whole year they assembled with
the church and taught a great many people. And the disciples were first
called Christians in Antioch.
Where is "Tarsus" (Acts 11:25)?
Tarsus was another port city that served as the capital of the Roman
province of Cilicia, located in modern Turkey's southern Mediterranean shores. Tarsus was
about 80 miles northwest of Antioch.
Why did Barnabas surmise that Saul would be in Tarsus?
Saul/Paul was
"born in Tarsus" (Acts 22:3) and
had been sent
"out to Tarsus" (Acts 9:30) by the
church in Jerusalem after
"Barnabas took him and brought
him to the apostles" (Acts 9:27) and they
"found
out" (Acts 9:30) about a plot to
"kill him"
(Acts 9:29).
What was Saul like when he first left Tarsus?
He was a model Jewish boy and such a promising student that he was chosen to
study in Jerusalem under
"Gamaliel" (Acts 22:3),
the greatest teacher of Judaism at the time:
"...If
anyone else thinks he may have confidence in the flesh, I more so:
circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of
Benjamin, a Hebrew of the Hebrews; concerning the law, a Pharisee;
concerning zeal, persecuting the church; concerning the righteousness which
is in the law, blameless." (Philippians 3:4-6):
How might his family and friends have felt about Saul when
he persecuted the church?
They most likely took great pride in him. After all, he had grown up to
hobnob with the high priest, who liked his work so much that he even wrote
personal
"letters" (Acts 9:2) on his behalf.
As what did Saul return to Tarsus, and how did his family
and friends receive him?
Saul returned to Tarsus as a hunted man and an enemy of Judaism. While he
never talks directly about his family's reception, if "all things" in the
following quote includes his family and friends, they most likely disowned
him:
"Yet indeed I also count all things loss for the
excellence of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have
suffered the loss of all things, and count them as rubbish, that I may gain
Christ." (Philippians 3:8) Note that he calls "all things" "rubbish"
not in the absolute sense, but relative to "the excellence of the knowledge
of Christ Jesus."
Is such a reception the exception or the norm?
When a member of a non-Christian family or group of friends turns to Christ,
rejection and even persecution by the family and friends is more the norm
than the rejection. Even Jesus Himself was rejected by His family during his
earthly ministry, and declared,
"A prophet is not
without honor except in his own country, among his own relatives, and in his
own house." (Mark 6:4) Non-Christian friends of a new Christian
almost always drift away. The only way to keep them is to tell them about
Jesus and turn them into siblings in Christ.
What had Saul been doing in Tarsus since his return?
While he doesn't state it, given the fact that he risked his life to
"boldly" (see below) preach the Gospel in both Damascus and Jerusalem, it is
hard to imagine him not dedicating at least part and probably a significant
amount of his time in Tarsus to evangelism.
Why did "Barnabas depart for Tarsus to seek Saul" (Acts
11:25)?
When Saul told the apostles and Barnabas in Jerusalem
"how he had
seen the Lord on the road, and that He had spoken to him, and how he had
preached boldly at Damascus in the name of Jesus" (Acts 9:27), he most likely included
the Lord's declaration to Ananias, who baptized Saul that he was,
"a chosen vessel of Mine to bear My name before
Gentiles" (Acts 9:15). It was time for the chosen vessel of the Lord
to be put to full use, starting with a
"whole year"
(Acts 11:26) of teaching
"a great many" (Acts
11:26) new Gentile believers in Antioch.
Why weren't the disciples called "Christians" before
Antioch?
Until the gentiles began to believe in the Lord en mass in Antioch, the
disciples were almost exclusively Jews and therefore could be identified as
a segment of the Jews - simply as Jews
"who were of the Way"
(Acts 9:2). When the church began to include significant numbers of
gentiles, the uniform trait shifted from Jewish heritage to belief in
Christ. The original Greek word,
Christianos, literally meant
someone who belongs to Christ, and was intended as a derision. Being called
someone who belongs to Christ is a tremendously honorable label. The fact that some are now
shying away from this label and claiming that it has lost its significance is a
sad testament to the failure of those who wear this label to
live up to it.
ACTS 11:27-30 27 And in
these days prophets came from Jerusalem to Antioch.
28 Then one of them, named Agabus, stood up and showed by the Spirit
that there was going to be a great famine throughout all the world, which
also happened in the days of Claudius Caesar. 29
Then the disciples, each according to his ability, determined to send relief
to the brethren dwelling in Judea. 30 This
they also did, and sent it to the elders by the hands of Barnabas and Saul.
Why would the "brethren dwelling in Judea" (Acts 11:29)
need more help during a famine than the brethren in Antioch?
At this time, the persecution of the church was primarily by the Jewish
authorities against those within their reach in Judea, who most likely lost
their fields, property and homes before being imprisoned. The Roman persecution of Christians
didn't start until 66 AD, so the church in
Antioch at this time had more resources to share with their suffering brothers and sisters in
Christ in Judea.
Where are the churches of Judea and Antioch today?
More Christians in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and
Latin America have been martyred in the last 100 years than during the
previous 1900 years combined, and continue to suffer persecution and poverty.
80% of the world's Protestant wealth is in North America and most of it is
spent on church buildings and social activities in Antioch instead of
flowing to the starving and homeless brethren in Judea. The right hand of
the body of Christ continues to apply pedicure to the right foot while the
left hand and foot remain bludgeoned and bleeding.
What will the Lord say to the right hand and foot?
“When the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the
holy angels with Him, then He will sit on the throne of His glory. All the
nations will be gathered before Him, and He will separate them one from
another, as a shepherd divides his sheep from the goats. And He will set the
sheep on His right hand, but the goats on the left. Then the King will say
to those on His right hand, ‘Come, you blessed of My Father, inherit the
kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world: for I was hungry
and you gave Me food; I was thirsty and you gave Me drink; I was a stranger
and you took Me in; I was naked and you clothed Me; I was sick and you
visited Me; I was in prison and you came to Me.’ “Then the righteous will
answer Him, saying, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungry and feed You, or
thirsty and give You drink? When did we see You a stranger and take You in,
or naked and clothe You? Or when did we see You sick, or in prison, and come
to You?’ And the King will answer and say to them, ‘Assuredly, I say to you,
inasmuch as you did it to one of the least of these My brethren, you did it
to Me.’ “Then He will also say to those on the left hand, ‘Depart from Me,
you cursed, into the everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels:
for I was hungry and you gave Me no food; I was thirsty and you gave Me no
drink; I was a stranger and you did not take Me in, naked and you did not
clothe Me, sick and in prison and you did not visit Me.’ “Then they also
will answer Him, saying, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungry or thirsty or a
stranger or naked or sick or in prison, and did not minister to You?’ Then
He will answer them, saying, ‘Assuredly, I say to you, inasmuch as you did
not do it to one of the least of these, you did not do it to Me.’ And these
will go away into everlasting punishment, but the righteous into eternal
life.” (Matthew 25:31-46)
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